The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future by unknow

Author:unknow
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781839163654
Publisher: Ingram Publisher Services UK
Published: 2021-09-15T00:00:00+00:00

9.6.2 Blood Group

Zhao et al. analysed ABO blood group distribution in 2173 COVID-19 patients. They observed that type A blood group persons were most prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the contrary, O blood group was found to have the least chances of acquiring the infection.226 Identical blood group distribution patterns were observed in another study.227

Additionally, Dai reported that COVID-19 patients with blood group A and cardiovascular diseases (particularly hypertension), are more likely to develop severe disease.228 A study on 1980 COVID-19 patients from Italy and Spain found two genetic regions to be associated with respiratory failure. One of them was present at 9q34.2 inside the locus of ABO blood grouping, which demonstrated that blood group A individuals have higher risk (meta analysis result OR (odds ratio) 1.45, P = 1.48 × 10−4) of acquiring the infection, in contrast to blood group O individuals having lesser probabilities (OR 0.65, P = 1.06 × 10−5) of infection.229

There might be several reasons for such discrepancies. A study found that individuals with blood group A have been associated with higher risk of chronic diseases such as gastric cancer, coronary heart disease, and venous deep thromboembolism.230 Moreover, genome-wide association studies have shown that genetic variations at ABO loci are found to be associated with increase in plasma lipid levels and inflammatory markers such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1,231,233 which might increase the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases.234,235 With the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, individuals are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms. Looking into these aspects, Zhang and Hughes have suggested further investigations regarding the correlation between ABO blood grouping and COVID-19.236

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